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in real world, after deployment, most of the changes in DB structure are about widening columns and adding the new ones

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For documents and BLOBs, NoSQL is a natural habitat

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The worst case of inconsistency happens when row X in database A is modified (by a Client connected to datacenter A), and the same row X in database B is independently modified too (by a Client connected to datacenter B).

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One way to avoid reports affecting operational DB, is via creating a read-only replica of our main operational DB – and running our reports off that replica.

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for larger-scale MOGs, functionality-wise it is common to have 4 different types of databases: transactional processing (OLTP) DBs, real-time reporting DBs, archive DBs, and analytical DBs (OLAP)

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both MVCC-based and Lock-based DBMS issue locks (and therefore, both can cause all kinds of trouble such as deadlocks etc.); however, the difference lies with the number of locks issued by them.

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each of the stages of the rendering pipeline is operating on a large set of items (vertices or fragments/pixels)

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These days, even if the program uses fixed-pipeline, that fixed-pipeline is simulated over shaders anyway ?